《组织学与胚胎学精品教学》04blood顺德上课用3.pptVIP

Section of bone marrow with an adult megakaryocyte and several granulocytes, mainly neutrophils in the myelocyte stage with many azurophilic granules and few, less darkly stained specific granules. A mitotic figure is indicated by an arrowhead. Giemsa stain. High magnification. 血小板发生 A megakaryocyte in mitosis (center) surrounded by erythropoietic cells with a mitotic figure (arrowhead). The arrow indicates an erythroblast extruding its nucleus. Giemsa stain. High magnification. 血小板发生 A megakaryocyte in a section of red bone marrow. This cell has only one nucleus. A small part of the nucleus appears separated because the irregularly shaped nucleus was cut into 2 pieces. Note the characteristic size and granular cytoplasm of this cell type. Giemsa stain. High magnification. 血小板发生 淋巴细胞（lymphocyte） 小淋巴细胞：6~8 μm ，胞质少，强嗜碱性，核圆有侧凹，染色质块状着色深 中淋巴细胞：9~12 μm ，胞质较多，含少量嗜天青颗粒，核染色质略稀疏，着色略浅 大淋巴细胞：13～20 μm EM：胞质富含游离核糖体，可含溶酶体 血液中以小淋巴细胞为主，有部分中淋巴细胞；大淋巴细胞存在于淋巴组织中 淋巴细胞光镜与电镜结构模式图 图16 人血涂片示中淋巴细胞（左）和小淋巴细胞（右） Electron micrograph of a human blood lymphocyte. Note the nucleus (N), the nucleolus (Nu), and the mitochondria (M). Reduced from x22,000. 血小板（blood platelet） 来源：骨髓巨核细胞脱落的胞质小块 LM：双凸圆盘状，直径2～4 μm ；受刺激后伸出突起；在血涂片上常聚集成群；分中央颗粒区（含血小板颗粒）和周边透明区 EM：透明区含有微管和微丝；颗粒区有特殊颗粒（α颗粒）、致密颗粒和少量溶酶体；有开放小管系和致密小管系 formation of platelets 人血涂片示聚集的血小板和嗜酸性粒细胞 人血涂片示单个血小板和淋巴细胞 Electron micrograph of human platelets. x40,740. 图19 血小板超微结构模式图 功能： 特殊颗粒含血小板因子Ⅳ、血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）等； 致密颗粒含5－羟色胺、钙离子等。 参与止血和凝血，促进内皮细胞增殖、修复血管。 寿命：7~14天 淋巴 淋巴管系统内流动的液体 组成：淋巴浆 + 淋巴细胞 淋巴浆：血浆在毛细血管动脉端的部分渗出液；小肠的淋巴中常含乳糜微粒；肝的淋巴内含大量血浆蛋白 淋巴细胞：主要源于淋巴结 淋巴 图 淋巴管内有淋巴细胞 （↑内皮细胞 V微静脉 A微动脉） 血细胞的发生 概述； 红系发生； 粒系发生； 血小板发生。 概述：骨髓的结构 Distribution of red bone marrow (hematopoietic active) in the adult. This type of bone marrow tends to be located in cancellous bone tissue. 概述：骨髓的结构 红骨髓主要由造血组织和血窦构成 Section of active bone marrow (red bone marrow) showing some of its components. Five blood sinusoid capillaries containing many erythrocytes are indicated by arrowhe