国外心理学史2课件1.ppt

A History of Psychology A note before studying history of psychology Historical facts can change: Several Freud’s document will not be available until the 21th century Bias: History is highly selective and subjective Zeitgeist (the spirit of the time) influences the decision/trend “Internal” (psychology) vs. “external” (socio-cultural, political, or economic context) history Presentism (looking at past events from today’s perspectives) vs. Historicism (placing past events into their actual social and intellectual context) Approaches to the History of psychology(Wertheimer, 2000) 1. Quasi-chronologies: one trend and then a different trend 2. The Great Schools of Psychology: structuralism, functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Humanistic and Cognitive movement 3. Personal or professional autobiographies 4. Major figures in the history of psychology 5. History of organizations 6. History of psychological research Why study history of psychology Avoid mistakes Indicate the original ideas, the lines of development The influence of the past helps shape the present ……. I. The Development of Modern Psychology One of the oldest disciplines Issues first raised in philosophy and theology Can be traced back to 5th B.C. Plato and Aristotle I. The Development of Modern Psychology Modern psychology distinct from the old discipline of philosophy A primarily scientific field Applies tools and methods from biology and physiology Relies on controlled observation and experimentation Objectivity and precision are continually sought and refined Eastern Traditions in Psychology Similarly, psychology had been philosophical, religious, and moralistic in the eastern culture (e.g., Chinese culture) I-Ching Yin-Yang (balance and harmony within the environment) Confucius A series of practical teaching directed toward morals and politics; the rules of proper conduct in relationships Taoist Philosophy (e.g., Lao-Tze) Book of the Ways and o