心血管病理2 课件.ppt

Aortic Insufficiency The cause of AI are rheumatic fever the commonest, arteriosclerosis, infective endocarditis(心内膜炎) and syphilis(梅毒). Augmentation of LV volume load results in LVD and relative MI. The regurgitant jet hits AMV and causes it moving toward LA during diastole, result in relative MS. The diastolic pressure is decreased causing an increase in pulse pressure. Symptom No symptom in early stage. The patient may feel palpitation, vertigo(眩晕) and angina in later stage. Signs Inspection: Patients looks pale, the apical impulse is diffuse and displaced laterally or inferiorly. Palpation: The apical impulse is displaced laterally and inferiorly, lifting impulse may be felt. Percussion: The cardiac dullness is enlarged laterally and inferiorly. The “cardiac waist” is decreased. The cardiac silhouette looks like a boot. 少见原因引起的颅内静脉窦血栓形成课件突发心跳呼吸骤停抢救应急演练课件小学英语教学法英语教学原则阻滞剂在减低非心脏手术 少见原因引起的颅内静脉窦血栓形成课件突发心跳呼吸骤停抢救应急演练课件小学英语教学法英语教学原则阻滞剂在减低非心脏手术 Major Symptom and Sign of Common Disease in Circulatory System Mitral Stenosis MS results from recurrent rheumatic activity. The flow of blood is damped from LA to LV in diastole, and LA pressure is increased , causing LA dilatation and hypertrophy. The high atrial pressure induces a dilatation and stasis of pulmonary vein and capillary. Pulmonary artery pressure increased gradually due to the increased pulmonary circulatory resistance. The right ventricle is overloaded and then the compensatory hypertrophy and dilatation occur. Right ventricular failure may be present finally. Symptoms Exhausted dyspnea(劳力性呼吸困难) Occasional paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea(夜间阵发性呼吸困难) Cough Hemoptysis(咯血) Signs Inspection: “Mitral Facies” may be present. The apical pulse may extend to left side. Palpation: diastolic thrill may be felt at apex. Percussion: The cardiac dullness extend to left in early stage and later to right. The cardiac silhouette is like a pear. Auscultation: A loud snappy first sound and a localized rumbling diastolicmurmur (舒张期