考试规定要考的作家总汇.doc

文艺复兴时期文学: 1.文艺复兴的时间界定: It refers to the period between the 14-th and mid-17th centuries 2..文艺复兴的理论基础: 人文主义兴起 A.核心: humanism is the essence of Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors. B.基础: It was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. 3.文艺复兴的文化背景: A.场所: English schools and Universities were established in place of the old monasteries. B.印刷术的引进: William Caxton introduced printing into England. C.翻译的时代的出现: With the introduction of printing, and age of the translation came into being. 4.文学形式: A.诗歌 A)早期特点: The first period of the English Renaissance was one of the imitation and assimilation. B)早期作家及作品: a. Spensers The Shepheardes Calendar showed the pastoral convention. b.In The passionate Shepherd to His Love, Marlowe spoke that it would be very difficult for us to connect it with the voice in his tragedies. c.Poetry and Poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms and carried on by Shakespeare and Ben Johnson. B.戏剧: A)特点: The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. B)作家: The most famous dramatists are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Johnson.William Shakespeare A.创作生涯及作品 a. Apprenticeship period b.Highly individualized period c.The greatest tragedies and dark comedies period d.Romantic tragicomedies period. B.作品主题: a.Shakespeares history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity. b.In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes and optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought in full play. c.The tragedies, the play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit. 1/36C.四大悲剧: A.The common feature: Shakespeares greatest tragedies are : Hamlet,Othello,King liear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristic in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation an