国外Advanced Cognitive Psychology课程课件-krep.ppt

Knowledge Representation Knowledge Representations The manner (mode, code, “depth”, etc.) in which information is retained and used. e. g., Spatial Memory As distinct from Verbal Memory. Spatial Knowledge Procedural Knowledge Episodic vs. Semantic Implicit Memory Knowledge representation Meaning based representations What is a representation? How are they defined? Internal model linked to external objects and events that preserves info important for the organism The represented world The representing world A set of informational relations that specify how the represented world and represented world correspond A set of processes that extract and use info from the representation Knowledge representation Mental representations are carriers of meaning Correspondence Element in representing world stands in a consistent relation to an external entity Represented world external, representing world internal; representing rules provide for correspondence Example: visual system converting light into electrical signals Functional/Conceptual role Meaning of an element in the representing world is determined by its connection to other representational elements May be made up of other representations Knowledge representation Spatial Representation Featural Representations Semantic Networks Structured Representations Space as a representation Spatial representation Representing world is a space Geometric entity in which locations are specified relative to a set of axes Dimensionality defined by the number of axes that can point in individual directions Of interest is the distance between items Euclidian (non-independent dimensions) City-block (distinct dimensions) Represented world does not need to be spatial E.g. conceptual info can be represented spatially Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) MDS MDS (morse code confusability) Rothkopf (1957) Rothkopf (1957) Using space as a representation Distance = Speed of Response Semantic distance Robin is a bird Goose is a bird Problems No e