10. 形容词.ppt

 Lecture 10 Lecture 10 Adjective and Adjective Phrase 10.1 Classification 1) One-word and compound adjectives In terms of word formation, adjectives may be classified into ~ ~. One-word ~: big, small, bad, good hot; Unkind, impossible, lovly, voiceless, unthinkable Compound adjectives are formed in different ways. They may be : “adj+adj” : bitter-sweet,deaf-mute; “adj/adv+-ing participle”: good-looking, hard-working; “adj/adv+-ed participle”: new-fangled(爱新奇的）, well ment; “ noun + adj”: grass-green, duty-free; “ noun + -ing participle”: ocean-going, law-abiding; “ noun + -ed participle”: hand-made, sun-tanned; “adj + noun + -ed”: kind-hearted, absent-minded, etc. 2) Central peripheral adjetive In terms of syntactic function, adjectives can be divided into two groups: central ~ and peripheral ~. Most adjectives can be used as modifier in a noun phrase and as subject / object complement. These adjectives are labelled “central’ as distinguished from “peripheral adjectives” that refer to the few which can not satisfy both these requirements. For example, the adj utter can only function as premodifier, while asleep can only be used as complement. That is utter nonsese. * The nonsese is utter. This child is asleep. * This is an asleep child. 3) Dynamic stative adjectives Semantically(语义、词汇意义）, adjectives can be dynamic or stative. Stative adjs, such as tall,short,big small, describe the static characteristics of animate or inanimate objects, and most adjectives are stative adjectives. Dynamic adjectives, such as ambitious, careful, generous, helpful, patient, witty, describe the dynamic properties of people or things, and they are differet in use from stative adjs. ■ For instance, dynamic adjectives can go with the progressive aspect of the verb be,while stative adjs cannot. ■Dynamic adjs can co-occur with imperative be, while stative adjs cannot. ■Lastly, dynamic adjs can oc