Cancer Biology：Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer.ppt

Cancer Biology 241:Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer Lectures: Mon and Wed 9-11 AM, CCSR 4105 Discussion Section: Friday 9-11AM, TBA Course Directors: Laura Attardi and Joe Lipsick TA: Gabe Quinones Focus of This Course Cancer research HOW we know what we know Key observations and experiments Historical context Generalization of key experiments as a basis for further discoveries Learning to read the primary literature Learning about experimental methods Responsibilities and Grading Read papers PRIOR to discussion section Participate actively in discussion sections Submit original grant proposal on time Peer review (anonymous) of two grants Grading 50% discussion section participation 30% grant proposal 20% grant review Honor Code Cancer Biology: The Basics Impact of cancer on human population Causes of human cancer Classification of human cancer Experimental approaches to cancer Leading Causes of Death in U.S. Change in Causes of Death Invasive Cancer versus Age Cancers by Type in U.S. Cancer Death Rates in U.S. From Suffrage to Suffering Enough S’nuff – The Sot Weed Factor Human Migration and Cancer Same Virus, Different Outcomes Known Causes of Human Cancer Chemical Exposure Tobacco smoke Environmental (PCBs) Occupational (coal tar, asbestos, aniline dye) Diet (aflatoxin) Radiation (UV, ionizing) Infection Viruses (EBV, hepatitis B, papilloma) Bacteria (Helicobacter) Inherited familial cancer syndromes Diagnosis of Neoplasia The Vocabulary Hyperplasia – increased number of cells Hypertrophy – increased size of cells Dysplasia – disorderly proliferation Neoplasia – abnormal new growth Anaplasia – lack of differentiation Tumor – originally meant any swelling, but now equated with neoplasia Metastasis –growth at a distant site Colonic Polyps Histology of Colonic Polyps Colon Cancer Classification of Neoplasms Benign Tumor (-oma) Adenoma (“adeno-” means gland-like) Fibroma Lipoma (“lipo-” means fat) Malignant Cancer (carcinoma or sarcoma) A