当代翻译理论：翻译科学派.ppt

第三章：翻译”科学派” 内容 奈达的翻译理论 1 威尔斯：德国翻译科学派 2 德国翻译功能派 3 思考与问题 4 奈达的翻译理论 尤金·奈达：美国当代翻译家，从事过语言学、语义学、人类学等方面的研究。他于80年代退休之前供职于美国圣经公会翻译部，长期担任翻译部执行秘书；主要从事《圣经》翻译和译本修订的组织工作以及译员的培训和理论指导。 奈达的翻译主张：“翻译即科学”、“翻译即交际”、翻译必须重读者反应“等其他多个方面的主张。 Toward a Science, Message and Mission等。 理论背景 奈达翻译的目的：“使人们皈依基督教”。p 45 “使人们团结在一个共同的信仰周围，一个上帝用不可侵犯的语言表述的信仰”。p 46 Implicit in his approach is a populist evangelical （conversion experiences, reliance on Scripture, and missionary work） Christian belief (and an anti-intellectual stance) that the word should be accessible to all. p 46 理论来源—转换生成语法 Chomsky was literally a Godsend for Nida, for with the incorporation of Chomsky’s theory framework, Nida’s work became the basis upon which a new field of investigation in the twentieth century – the “science” of translation – was founded. p 46 Chomsky’s theory involves three levels of conceptualization: (1) a base component made up of “phrase structure rules” that generate (2) a deep structure, which in turn is changed, via transformational rules into (3) a surface structure. p 47 理论来源—转换生成语法 According to Chomsky, the phrase structure rules represent the internalized and unconscious workings of the human mind; deep structure determines meaning underlying sentence; and surface structure determines sound. p 48 奈达对乔氏理论的运用 Chomsky and Nida both assume that there exists a deep, coherent, and unified entity behind whatever manifestation language takes: the “core”, the “kernel”, the “deep structure”, the essence”, the “spirit” are all terms used by Nida. Chomsky’s linguistics probed structures and changed the focus of linguistics in the modern age; Nida’s translation theory probed deep structures common to all languages and found ways to transform those entities in differing languages. 奈达对于乔氏理论的运用 虽然乔氏设想生成语法是人类语言工具的核心，并假定所有语言背后都有一个形式结构，但他并没有就此根据两种语言之间的关系就妄下结论，也没有说对一种语言有效的语法，在运用到另一种语言时，同样的有效。奈达的理论重点似乎在于深层结构、转换语法和表层结构。在他看来，这些因素在语言之间是类似的，但是乔氏的理论重点似乎是在更深层的短语结构文法，这一层次考虑到了人类语言的结构性差异和表层差异。 奈达对于乔氏理论的运用 奈达与乔氏在理论上的不同之处在于：1 奈达从事《圣经》翻译的