文言英译第二章.ppt

汉语文言英译 第二章：汉语文言与现代英语的比较 第一节 汉语文言与现代英语句法结构主 要相似点及其翻译 第二节 汉语文言与现代英语句法结构主 要差异及其翻译 第一节 汉语文言与现代英语句法结构主要相似点及其翻译 一、文言判断句与英语SVC句型 二、文言被动句与英语被动结构 一、文言判断句与英语SVC句型 1. 师者，所以传道受业解惑也。（韩愈《师说》） A teacher is one who passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles. 2. 四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。（王安石《游褒禅山记》） My four fellow-travelers mentioned above were Xiao Jungui, alias Junyu, of Luling; Wang Hui, alias Shenfu, of Changle; my brothers Wang Anguo, alias Pingfu, and Wang Anshang, alias Chunfu.——谢百魁译 3. 此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》） This is the general view from the pavilion, already described in full by our predecessors. 4. 如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉，何辞为？（司马迁《史记·项羽本纪》） They are the chopper and board, we the fish and meat. Why should we take our leave? ——杨宪益、戴乃迭译 5. 而欲投吴巨，巨是凡人，偏在远郡，行将为人所并。（司马光《赤壁之战》） But Your Honor wishes to cast in your lot with Wu Ju, who is but an indifferent person, entrenched in a remote prefecture, which will be annexed by others. ——谢百魁译 6. 六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦（苏洵《六国论》） The fall of the Six States was not owing to their inferior weaponry or lost battles but to their bribing the State of Qin, resulting in the undermining of their strength, which was in fact the cause of their ruin. 7. 城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也；委而去之，是地利不如人和也。(《孟子·公孙丑》) Assume that an attack is taken on a city where the walls are high, the moats deep, the quality of arms good, and the food supplies abundant but the city has to be abandoned. This is a case where the topographical advantage is not as important as the group morale. ——赵甄陶、张文庭、周定之译 二、文言被动句与英语被动结构 1. 井蛙不可以语于海者，拘于虚也；夏虫不可以语于冰者，笃于时也；曲士不可以语于道者，束于教也。（《庄子·秋水》） You cannot talk with a frog in a deep well about the sea, because he is limited by his circumstances. You cannot talk with an insect of summer about ice, because he adheres to his knowledge confined to that season. You cannot talk with a provisional scholar about the ways of the world, because he is restricted by his education. ——