美国文学课件二.ppt

;;;;;;;Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution;I. Historical introduction II.Important writers and their works ;Historical introduction I. American revolution II. American enlightenment;;1. colonial America: colony state a group of scattered, struggling settlements a series of neighboring, flourishing colonies with rapidly expanding, mixed populations.;;Cause 1 : The growth, particularly the industrial growth Cause 2 : The short-sighted British policies ; a. Economically, they required Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country. b. Politically, the British government forced dependence by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament. ;Q 3: When did the War for Independence break out? And what is the result?;The War for Independence: the beginning year: 1776 the ending year: 1783 the result: the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic---the United States of America.;II. American Enlightenment: progressive intellectual movement;The 18th-century American enlightenment as a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy. Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man. ;1. opposing the old colonial order and religious obscurantism 2. disseminating knowledge among the people and advocating revolutionary ideas 3. dealing a decisive blow upon the puritan traditions 4. bringing secular education and literature to life ;Imortant writers and their works 1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): The Autobiography 2. Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense The American Crisis ;3. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826): The Declaration of Independence 4. Philip Freneau (