国内外节能减排现状、发展趋势和当前节能工作重点.ppt

* 同一位置18层住户各家空调年耗电 Electricity consumption by AC for home units at same location but different floors in building B 北京典型住宅空调电耗 5 floors, 1981, 74m2/unit Split unit B.18 floors, 1996, 103m2/unit, Split unit C. 26 floors, 2003, 141m2/unit Split unit D. 26 floors, 2004, 132m2 one outdoor multi indoor units E. 26 floors, 2005, 280 m2/unit Central AC system 北京5座建筑的空调单位面积电耗 kWh/m2.year The average electricity consumption for different buildings: kWh/m2.year E 为中央空调 我国长江流域的住宅冬季采暖能耗 0 10 20 30 40 kWh/m2.a Shanghai Hangzhou Wuhan Chongqing 14℃ Part time part space 16℃ Part time part space 18℃ Part time part space 22℃ Full time full space Heat pumps, COP=1.9 Current level 法国里昂 （II）上海地区居民行为调查 采暖设备开启方式 部分时间部分空间运行 是采暖能耗较低的主要原因 几座办公建筑的能耗 Tsinghua school 4650m2，34kWh/m2.a Tsinghua art school 64k m2，65.7kWh/m2.a Government office B 37k m2，113kWh/m2.a Government office A 16k m2，70.1kWh/m2.a Towel in Shanghai 287k m2，215kWh/m2.a Office building A, USA 6425m2，364kWh/m2.a Office building, Lyon 17k m2，165kWh/m2.a Office building B, USA 30k m2，356kWh/m2.a 中美校园建筑能耗比较 B A 清华大学校园建筑用电量 Electricity of Campus Buildings (A), kWh/m2.a Average: 30 Average: 64 Average: 82 Buildings with Fan Only Buildings with Split AC Units Buildings with Centralized AC System 费城UPENN校园建筑用电量 Electricity of Campus Buildings (B), kWh/m2.a Excluding District Cooling Plant Served with District Heating / Cooling (DHC) System 能耗巨大差别的原因 建筑通风的风机能耗 气密性非常好的建筑: 70 ~ 110 kWh/m2.a 全空气系统: 30 ~ 70 kWh/m2.a 自然通风: 10 kWh/m2.a 一天中的运行时间 空调系统结构与运行方式：再热, 等 英国办公室建筑能耗统计 日本调查发现的不同生活模式住宅采暖能耗的巨大差别 * * 图表来源： Hisashi MIURA, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Evaluation of Annual Energy Consumption in Residential House for Japanese Energy Efficiency Standard 热泵式中央空调系统 电热式地采暖 电热热水地采暖 电动热泵热水地采暖 燃气热水普通锅炉地采暖 燃气热水冷凝锅炉地采暖 标准型空调热泵采暖 高效空调热泵采暖 标准性空调热泵 高效空调热泵 部分时间运行 部分时间 部分空间 没有热回收 带有热回收 * 消费领域的服务水平与能耗 Service provided by building BEC 中国 发达国家 How the service level can be quan