可见光红外线微波电视及电台波段--最大能量集中在可见光太阳.PPT

The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot (二輪戰車), with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew. Counterpart of Greek “Eos”(黎明的女神) * * 長波輻射與短波輻射 太陽溫度6000K，地球溫度300K 兩個星球的輻射波譜，重疊部份幾乎可以忽略 一般稱太陽輻射稱為短波輻射(short wave radiation)，地球輻射為長波輻射(long wave radiation)、地表輻射(terrestrial radiation)或紅外輻射(infrared radiation) Energy Balance 370 Earth Albedo Reflection and Absorption of Incoming Solar Energy Energy Budget Sunbeam (1365-1372 W/m2) = 100 % at the top of atmosphere 30 % reflected and scattered back out to space (411 W/m2) Earth’s surface (4%) Clouds (20%) Atmosphere (6%) 19 % absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere (260.3 W/m2) 51 % heats Earth’s surface directly (698.7 W/m2) 沒有大氣的地球輻射平衡 (c.f. Ahrens，p.42，Figure 2.12) 假設地球沒有大氣層 地球接收的太陽短波輻射等於放射出去的長波輻射 則地球平均溫度約為-18oC ?Te4 = S(1-A)/4 地球：A = 0.3, S = 1367 W/m2 ? Te = 255K 輻射平衡與地球溫度 實際上能量的平衡，除了輻射能量以外， 還有其他因素 地球-大氣間的能量平衡示意圖 A Green House Glass is transparent to visible wavelengths (SW) but opaque to infrared wavelengths (LW). Atmosphere Absorption Atmospheric Absorption Energy Transformations Radiant Solar Energy (1367 W/m2) Heat Energy (Gas Kinetic Energy Increased) Water Evaporation (Latent Heat) Air Convection (Potential Energy Increased) Water Condensation (Latent Heat Released) Precipitation (Converting Potential to Kinetic Energy) Erosion (Kinetic Energy causes Erosion Deformation) Reservoirs (Potential Energy of a Dam) Hydroelectric Power (Conversion of PE to KE to Electrical Energy) Aurora Magnetic Field Particles Spiraling Charged particles and a Magnetic Field (simulations) .tw/java/emField/emField.html Magnetosphere Solar Wind (charged particles) and Earth’s Magnetic Field S.-P. Weng * 閃焰 Auroral Probability Zones Number of Nights per Year Experiencing Northern Lights /~pfrr/AURORA/ Auroral Ionization Ring Arkansas Aurora 2003-11-20 Arkansas Aurora 2003-11-20 Arkansas Aurora 2003-11-20 Summary