学位英语下午.PPT

Unit 4 Organizational patterns Signal words 1. Signal words for Listing Sequence (of advantage, importance, reasons) First, firstly, first of all, to begin with, first and foremost; Second, secondly, besides, moreover, additionally, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, and__, another benefit is__, an additional advantage is __; Last, finally, lastly, last but not least, above all, most important of all,__. Transition: Now let’s look at the reverse side of the medal. But merits usually go hand in hand with demerits. However, every coin has two sides. When we are discussing the merits of __, we cannot forget their demerits. Sequence (of disadvantages, seriousness, reasons) More serious,__ Even worse,__ To make matter worse,__ Most serious of all__ Worst of all,___ 2. Signal words for illustrating To illustrate,__ For example,__ Say,__ A case in point is ___. Take __for example. An example of this can be seen with__. There is now evidence that __. According to the statistics of __ It is estimated that__ As another instance,___. This is also true in the case of ___ It is the same with__ ___is in the same case. The same thing goes for___. The same sort of thing happens in __ ___can also serve as a good example. Perhaps the most striking instance happened to me when__ 3. Signal words for cause and effect Part of the explanation for the trend is __. For one thing,__. For another, ___. Another important factor is ___. Perhaps the prime reason is that ___. Finally, ___is responsible for the change/increase/growth. The effects that ___bring about are far-reaching. What effects can be attributed to phenomena such as __? The immediate result it produces is that___. The next might be___. Perhaps the most obvious yet most important/serious effect is ___. In conclusion, there are some causes and effects of ___. There might be more underlying causes and some more unpredictable effects, but it can be certain that the trend is irreversible. 4. Sig