chapter 4 ideals, ideas, norms and laws[精品].doc

Chapter 4: Ideals, Ideas, Norms and Laws Links to Original Sources 1. Cylinder Seal with Men Fighting Lions and Woman Giving Birth, Mesopotamia, c.2500 BCE This cylinder seal shows differing ideals for male and female heroism; at the top men fight lions, and at the bottom a pregnant woman lies on a bed, surrounded by attendants. Cylinder seals, made from stone, would have been rolled onto clay to produce a unique impression that showed ownership. /learningcollection/search.php?a_theme=Role+of+Womenlcid=114 2. Series of Sources on Greek Ideas about Women, 700 BCE–300 BCE Extracts from poems, plays, and other works of Greek authors during the classical period on the nature of women, marriage, love, and family life. /halsall/ancient/700greekwomen.html 3. Christine de Pizan, Poem in Praise of Joan of Arc, France 1429 Christine de Pizan, often described as the “first professional woman writer” and the “first feminist,” wrote a number of works throughout her life, including a defense of women, The City of Ladies. In 1429, toward the end of her life, she celebrated Joan of Arc in a poem; Joan was at that point leading the French army against the English. This is a parallel translation, with both the original French and English. www.jeanne-darc.dk/p_multimedia/literature/christine_de_pisan.html Further works of Christine, and links to many other sources by and about her, can be found at: /~ddisse/christin.html 4. Women’s Nature and the Wandering Womb, from Fran?ois Rabelais’s Gargantua and Pantagruel, France, 16th Century Rabelais’s novel tells the story of the giant Gargantua and his son, Pantagruel, who travel around France living life to the fullest, whether in terms of learning, drinking, eating, or sex. Along with satire and vulgar humor, there are serious discussions of politics, philosophy, religion, and education. In this section, a medical doctor provides Pantagruel’s friend Panurge with advice about whether he should marry, and reveals contemporary medical views t