基于80C51单片机的电动智能小车硬件设计（论文）.doc

摘 要 80C51单片机属于MCS-51系列单片机，由Intel公司开发，其结构是8048的延伸，改进了8048的缺点，增加了如乘（MUL）、除（DIV）、减（SUBB）、比较（PUSH）、16位数据指针、布尔代数运算等指令，以及串行通信能力和5个中断源。采用40引脚双列直插式DIP（Dual In Line Package），内有128个RAM单元及4K的ROM。80C51有两个16位定时计数器，两个外中断，两个定时计数中断，及一个串行中断，并有4个8位并行输入口。80C51内部有时钟电路，但需要石英晶体和微调电容外接，本系统中采用12MHz的晶振频率。由于80C51的系统性能满足系统数据采集及时间精度的要求，PWM调速；电动小车 Abstract SCM 80C51 belongs to MCS - 51 series microcontroller, developed by the Intel company. Its structure is the extension of 8048, improved 8048’s shortcomings, increase some functions, such as MUL, DIV, SUBB, PUSH, 16 bits of data pointer, Boolean algebra operations, serial communication ability and 5 interrupt sources. It uses 40 pins double row straight insert DIP (Dual in Line Package). There are 128 RAM units and a ROM which is 4K, and two 16-bit timer counters, two external interruptions, two timer count interruptions, a serial interruption, and 4 8-bit parallel input ports. 80C51 has internal clock circuit, but needs quartz crystal and fine-tune capacitance circumscribed; this system is adopted in 12MHz of crystal frequency. Due to the 80C51’s system functions can meet the acquisition of the system data and requirement of accuracy time and its products has wide and rich source, even the applications are very mature, we use it as the control core. It is really popular because of its easily using and multi-function. This article introduces how to use the 80C51 single chip to complete the graduation design of the City Institute, Dalian University of Technology. This design is a combination with scientific research. This purpose of the system is same as the purpose of the graduation design. It takes 80C51 as the controlling core, uses the super sonic sensor to test the hinder. In order to control the electricity motive car to run in a high or a low speed and stop automatically. It also can record the time, distance and the speed or search light and mark automatically. The whole system is simple, its function is dependable. Experiment test r