高性能处理器体系结构虚拟机Virtualmachines导论.ppt

CS of USTC AN Hong Lecture on High Performance Processor Architecture(CS05162) Introduction to Virtual Machines * * Outline System Layers, Interfaces, and VM classes Motivations for using VMs Virtualization Taxonomy summary Process VMs System VMs Summary Course Introduction * * Standard System Layers ISA 提供硬件与软件的接口 e.g.:Intel IA-32, MIPS, Alpha, SPARC OS 提供系统调用接口 e.g. MS Windows, Linux,Solaris Benefits decoupled design tasks software reuse across varying hardware configurations and generations Starting point for all virtual machines in this course * * Disadvantages and Limitations ? Application SW still depends on ISA and OS interfaces OS still depends on ISA Suboptimal performance across interfaces, get locked into interface * * Motivations for using VMs VMs for Flexibility Software perspective: want ability to run on all machines reach more customers move code between networked computers Hardware perspective: want ability to run all programs server consolidation(整合) legacy applications cross-platform software development * * VMs for Performance Optimize just in time The more you know, the more you can optimize Isolate faults and security risks Many server images more stable than single server Increase utilization of resources adjust allocations dynamically reduce fragmentation VMs for Multicore? Motivations for using VMs * * Examples * * VM is a Computer Architecture in a broad sense * * VM is a Computer Architecture in a broad sense 软件接口 应用程序与标准库函数之间的接口（接口2） 操作系统边界的接口（接口3） 硬件接口 描述地址转换的硬件存储器体系结构（接口9） 操作系统与I/O设备通信接口（接口4、8、10、11和13） 驱动I/O设备控制器信号的I/O体系结构（接口11） 描述离开处理器的存储访问信号的接口（接口12） 描述到达DRAM芯片的信号的存储器接口（接口14） 最感兴趣的是硬件/软件分界处或附近的接口 * * ISA and ABI Interface at the top ABI (Application Binary Interface，应用二进制代码接口) ISA (Instruction Set Architecture，指令集体系结构) C.P. API(Application Program Interface，应用程序接口) ISA separates hardware from rest ABI separates processes from rest * * Taxonomy Overview Same/different ISA at top and bottom * * Process VMs vs. System VMs Proces