chapterIX二战前后的美国.ppt

chapter IX America During and after World War II(1935------present) World War II 1. American attitude and actions before the War 2. the process of the War 3. Conferences during the War After the War 1. the foreign policy 2. the domestic affairs 3. from Eisenhower to Clinton World War II 1. American attitude and actions before the War 1) isolationist policy-----Neutrality Acts 2) “catch-and-carry” policy---- 3) expanding the power of troops in 1940 4) pass the Lend-Lease Act in 1941(租借法) 1935年8月31日，美国参众两院联席会议通过了《中立法》。法案规定：在两个或两个以上外国之间，发生战争或战争在进行之中，总统应宣布此项事实，然后，凡以军械、军火或战备，自美国之任何地方或其属地之任何地方输出而运至该交战国，或运至任何交战国所利用之任何中立国港口者，均为违法。中立法的通过，从法律上把美国基本的欧洲政策固定下来，对当时欧洲的绥靖主义起了推波助澜的作用。 Lend-Lease Act-----The act authorized the president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which Congress appropriated money to the government of any country whose defense the President seems vital to the defense of the United States. Britain, the Soviet Union, China, Brazil, and many other countries received weapons under this law. 2. the process of the War to Japan: 1) the sudden attack of the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 2) the battle of Midway in June 1942 to Italy: 1) in Nov. 1942, the US-British force landed in North Africa; 2) In July 1943, they invaded Sicily and the Italian mainland in Sep. to Germany: 1) On June 6, 1944, American and British forces, landed in Normandy 2) by the beginning of 1945 the Allied forces were advancing into Germany itself. 3. the end of the war 1) Italy---in 1943, change the new government 2) Germany----in