人体解剖学respiratary system.ppt

Chapter 4 The Respiratory System 主 讲 人 李文春 The General Description Composition Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Paired Lungs Function Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum Little region Two parts: Nasal vestibule. Proper nasal cavity Lateral wall Nasal conchae Nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus Ethmoidal infundibulum Ethmoidal bulla Nasolacrimal canal Mucous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区 Respiratory region 呼吸区 Section 2 The Larynx 喉 Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 I.Layngeal cartilages (I)Thyroid cartilage Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence (II)Cricoid cartilage Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring) (III)Arytenoid Paired, pyramid shaped (IV)Epiglottic cartilage leaf-shaped elastic cartilage II.Laryngeal joints Thyrohyroid membrane cricothyroid joint cricoarytenoid joint Quadrangular membrane Conus elasticus vocal ligament Median cricothyroid ligment Cricotracheal ligament III.Muscles of larynx IV .Laryngeal cavity (I)Aperture of larynx －bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch Structure features Two folds : Vestibular folds Vocal folds Two fissures Rima vestibulithe Fissure of glottis Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part (II)Three parts Laryngeal vestibule Intermedial cavity of larynx Ventricle of larynx Infraglottic cavity Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi Position Structure features Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages Carina of trachea II.Bronchi Right principal bronchus