幻灯片注释Lect07-CMM.pptVIP

Software Project Management Lecture 7-7 SEI - Capability Maturity Model Overview A short history Software Process What is CMM - a detailed introduction Differences from ISO 9001 History In the 1980s, realization about the inability to manage the software process Projects late, over budget, or plain failures 1986-1987: Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Began developing a process maturity framework 1991: CMM-SW 1.0 1993: CMM-SW 1.1 What is a process? … It can be seen as a method that can be used to focus the efforts of a development team towards a desired result A process integrates: People (with Knowledge, Skills, Training, Motivation) Tools and Equipment Procedures and Methods defining the relationship of tasks A good process will provide clear guidance, is disciplined and constantly refined based on experience Immature Organizations Immature Organization: A defined/documented process may not exist If processes exist they are improvised临时准备的 (as required), not rigorously严厉地 followed Managers react to crises only (fire fighting) Ad-hoc随意的 project planning (poorly documented) Schedules/budgets are rarely met (poor estimation) Product quality is difficult to predict or judge Difficult to maintain the products in the long term Has a high turn-over of employees Mature Organizations Mature Organization: Well-defined and well-followed processes that are updated when necessary (Process changes are formal) Well-defined roles and responsibilities (Reduces confusion) Product and process quality are monitored Schedules are realistic (refined estimation process) Participants understand value of the process (Staff are fully trained in the company process, expectations) The deliverables from these organizations take longer, but the output is stable and predictable Long term costs are low What is CMM?… Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process. It describes an evolutionary improvement path from an ad hoc, imma