生理心理学 第六章 学习记忆的生理心理学研究.pdf

Learning and Memory Learning: the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior, or the process of acquiring information. Memory: the changes of the nervous system resulting from learning, or the persistence of learning in a state that can be revealed at a later time. Learning (1)Perceptual learning learning to recognize a particular stimulus by changes in the sensory association cortex (visual, auditory cortex, etc). Learning effect in visual search tasks: An example Ellison Walsh, Vision Research, 1998, 38, 333-345 Learning effect on feature search Learning effect on conjunction search Perceptual learning tasks Fine, J. Vision, 2002, 190-203 (2) Stimulus-response learning learn to perform a particular behavior when a particular stimulus is presented. Classical conditioning Unconditional stimulus Conditional stimulus Hebb rule: The celluar basis of learning involves strengthening of a synapse that is repeatedly active when the postsynaptic neuron fires. Learning and synaptic plasticity 在齿状回的长期增强作用 海马 Long-term potentiation: stimulate the axons with a burst of approximately one hundred pulses of electrical stimulation within a few seconds. Learning changes structures of synapses The Atkinson and Shiffrin modal model of memory (1968). Memory: the changes of the nervous system resulting from learning, or the persistence of learning in a state that can be revealed at a later time. Memory 记忆组织的SPI模型 （serial, parallel, independent ） Encoding Storage Retrieval Encoding