国外心理学史2课件15.ppt

History of Psychology Chapter 15 Cognitive Psychology Psychology in the 21st Century Cognitive Movement in Psychology The founding of cognitive psychology 1. no single founder 2. Their position in opposition to the behaviorist and could not or would not give a definition for what they were really doing or supporting. 3. two scholars contributed groundbreaking work a. George Miller b. Ulric Neisser II. George Miller (1920 - ) A. His life 1. majored in speech and English 2. as a graduate student, taught 16 sections of introductory psychology 3. 1941: master’s in speech from U. of Alabama George Miller (1920 - ) 4. 1946: Ph.D. from Harvard, began studying psycholinguistics 5. 1951: Language and Communication 6. behaviorism a. Miller accepted it as the primary school (had no choice) George Miller (1920 - ) B. The Center for Cognitive Studies 1. purpose: to investigate the human mind 2. defined by what it was not in behaviorism 3. cognitive psychology is a return to commonsense psychology 4. wide range of topics of interest Ulric Neisser (1928 - ) A. His life 1. born in Kiel, Germany; moved to the U.S. at age 3 2. at Harvard: a physics major, switched to psychology 3. influenced by Miller, and Koffka’s Principles of Gestalt Psychology (1935) Ulric Neisser (1928 - ) 4. 1950: bachelor’s from Harvard 5. master’s at Swarthmore with K?hler 6. 1956: Ph.D. from Harvard 7. behaviorist (he had no choice) Ulric Neisser (1928 - ) 8. first position at Brandeis, with Maslow as department head a. opportunity to pursue his interest in cognitive psychology b. claimed cognitive psychology is the Third Force 9. 1967: Cognitive Psychology a. a personal book, an attempt to define the kind of psychologist he wanted to be. b. this book was a landmark in the history of psychology Ulric Neisser (1928 - ) 10. 1976: Cognition and Reality a. dissatisfied with 1) the narrowing of the cognitive position 2) the reliance on artificial laboratory situa