高中定语从句详解及高考练习.doc

定语从句讲解 定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语 定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (3) All that can be done has been done (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (4) There is little that I can do for you.注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who 如：Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who 如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?2.who指人在从句中做主语 　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别