坐标转换中英文翻译外文翻译.doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 中英文对照翻译 院（系部） 　 专业名称 　 年级班级　 学生姓名　 指导老师 XXX年X月X Abstract Studies on quality evaluation of coordinate transformation have not yet to comprehensively investigate the simulation ability and reliability of a transformation. This paper presents a comprehensive quality evaluation system (QES) for coordinate transformation that includes the testing of reliability and simulation ability. The proposed QES was used to test and evaluate transformations using typical common point distributions and transform models. Both the transformation model and distribution of common points are factors in the effectiveness of a transformation. The performances of typical common point distributions and transform models are demonstrated using the proposed QES. Keywords：coordinate transformation; QES; reliability; simulation reliability; common point distribution; transform model I. INTRODUCTION Information about common points consists of signals. However, noise caused by inadequacies in the precision of surveying techniques, by shortcomings in computational models, and by variations due to crustal movements, etc. also become incorporated. This noise can show systematic or random characteristics, or can even appear at some points as gross errors. During computations, random errors can be exposed as residuals, while systematic errors can be simulated by suitable transformation models. In contrast, gross errors are absorbed in parameters that result in remarkable distortion of the transformation. For this reason, an optimal transformation must have the ability to simulate signals and systematic errors (simulation ability) and also to detect and defend against gross errors (reliability). Precision is generally considered to be a unique indicator that reflects the quality of a transformation (Wells and Vanicek 1975; Appelbaum1982; Featherstone et al. 1999). Chen et al. (2005) proposed a number