家庭环境对小学高年级学生社会智力的影响应用心理学外文翻译.doc

原文： Social Intelligence 社会智力 Intelligence, as defined in standard dictionaries, has two rather different meanings. In its most familiar meaning, intelligence has to do with the individuals ability to learn and reason. It is this meaning which underlies common psychometric notions such as intelligence testing, the intelligence quotient, and the like. In its less common meaning, intelligence has to do a body of information and knowledge. This second meaning is implicated in the titles of certain government organizations, such as the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States, and its British counterparts MI-5 and MI-6. Similarly, both meanings are invoked by the concept of social intelligence. As originally coined by E.L. Thorndike (1920), the term referred the persons ability to understand and manage other people, and to engage in adaptive social interactions. More recently, however, Cantor and Kihlstrom (1987) redefined social intelligence to refer to the individuals fund of knowledge about the social world. 1、The Psychometric View The psychometric view of social intelligence has its origins E.L. Thorndikes (1920) division of intelligence into three facets, pertaining to the ability to understand and manage ideas (abstract intelligence), concrete objects (mechanical intelligence), and people (social intelligence). In his classic formulation: By social intelligence is meant the ability to understand and manage men and women, boys and girls -- to act wisely in human relations (p. 228). Similarly, Moss and Hunt (1927) defined social intelligence as the ability to get along with others (p. 108). Vernon (1933), provided the most wide-ranging definition of social intelligence as the persons ability to get along with people in general, social technique or ease in society, knowledge of social matters, susceptibility to stimuli from other members of a group, as well as insight into the temporary moods or underlying personality traits of strangers (p. 44). By contras