3动词和动词词组.ppt

英语语法 English Grammar 第三章动词和动词词组 主谓一致 英语的时态 主谓一致 主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在人称、数等方面保持一致的关系 主谓一致应遵守的三个原则 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 语法 一致 语法一致指当主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. I am a teacher. They are students. 有的名词表示的物品往往成双成对，这时谓语动词用复数形式。如：glasses, trousers, scissors, jeans等。 e.g. Where are my glasses ? I can’t find them. 主语是单数，后面与like, with, along with, together with, besides, including, in addition to, except, but, 等介词连用时，谓语动词是单数。 e.g. The doctor, together with two nurses, is going to the office. Nobody except Mr. Brown was invited to the meeting. 当主语后跟as much as, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式而定。 e.g. The pilot, as well as two passengers, has survived the air crash. Some of the workers as well as the manager were responsible for the loss. The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for it. More than one person is involved in this case. 意义一致 意义一致指谓语动词是单数还是复数形式不是取决于主语的形式，而是取决于主语的意义。 e.g. Our family is a happy one. Our family are busy moving house. 以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词做主语，虽然形式上以s结尾，但意义是单数，这时谓语动词用单数。 E.g. Maths is the difficult subject. Physics is his major. 有的表示时间，距离，量的名词词组形式上是复数，但是被看成是一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Twenty dollars is too much to pay that shirt. Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish the test. 就近原则 就近原则指谓语动词的单复数形式和它最靠近的主语的数保持一致。由or, nor, either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also 连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。 e.g. Neither he nor they are right. 无论是他还是他们都不对。 Not only the students but also the teacher wants to leave. 不仅同学们而且老师也想离开。 练习1 英语的时态 英语动词的时态有两种： 现在时（present tense)和过去时 (past tense) 一般现在时（Simple Present） 一般现在时谓语动词用原形，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形之后加-s或es。 S +am / is/ are….. S +do /does….. 一般现在时的用法 1、表示现时状态或现在瞬间动作： 一般现在时表现实状态通常都带有一定的持续性，因此适用于静态动词。 I am a student. The weather remains fine today. 一般现在时表示现在瞬间动作通常只适应于表示短暂动作的动态动词，这种动作转瞬即逝，几乎与说话时间同时起讫，甚至话音未