户用独立光伏发电系统控制电路的设计与研究硕士学位.doc

摘 要 随着人口的持续增长和工业的不断发展，全球能源危机和大气污染问题日益突出，人类认识到必须走可持续发展的道路，开发利用可再生能源和各种绿色能源。因此，深入研究利用太阳能，对我国乃至全世界的可持续发展都有极其重要的现实意义及战略意义。 本文详细介绍了光伏发电技术的国内外研究动态、工作原理，重点介绍了独立光伏系统，包括其组成、类型和应用领域。对光伏电池的种类、工作原理、输出特性以及常用的最大功率跟踪(MPPT)方法进行了深入分析和研究，并在此基础上提出了融合闭区间套的干扰观察法，变其步长，缩小扰动范围。仿真结果表明，该算法具有跟踪速度快、精度高、准确性强等优点。 根据系统要实现的预期目标，对光伏电池和蓄电池进行选型，并设计了Boost电路、控制电路、MOSFET驱动电路及其电量检测电路和A/D转换电路；运用单片机80C196KC做主控制器，对系统蓄电池的充放电控制电路进行设计，控制电路同时实现了最大功率跟踪和蓄电池的充电电压、放电电压极值及充电电流的控制，有效地防止过充过放现象发生，保证了系统可靠运行。 关键词：光伏发电；最大功率点跟踪；蓄电池；控制电路 Abstract Because of the fast population increase and the steady industrial development, the global energy crisis and air pollution have been a critical problem. In order to tackle it, human beings have recognized that we must take the sustainable development road and exploit renewable energy and a variety of green energy. And the deep research and exploration about it has become noticeable and practical significance for the development of our nation, even for the whole world. This article describes the international researching trends and the working principle of the photovoltaic system. Highlight is the classification of independent photovoltaic system, which including its composition, sorts and applications. Types of solar photovoltaic cells, working principle, output characteristics and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been analysised and researched. On its basis, the article presents a new interference observation combining the closed interval sets theorem, and changes the step size, narrow range of the disturbance. Simulation results show the new control algorithm has characters of tracking speed, high precision and strong accuracy. According to the system’s target, we select the photovoltaic cells and the batteries, and the parameters of the Boost are designed. MOSFET driver circuit, the power detection circuit and the A/D converter circuit are also completed. SCM 80C196KC call the shots controller, the systems energy storage device battery charge and discharge c