立信《会计专业英语》课件LessonEight.ppt

Lesson Eight Adjusting Procedures New words, Phrases and Special Terms Trial balance 试算平衡表 A listing of the balances on all the accounts of an organization with debit balances in one column and credit balances in the other. If the processes of double-entry book-keeping have been accurate, the totals of each column should be the same. New words, Phrases and Special Terms If they are not the same, checks must be carried out to find the discrepancy. The figures in the trial balance after some adjustments, e.g. for closing stocks, prepayments and accruals, depreciation, etc., are used to prepare the final accounts (profit and loss account and balance sheet). New words, Phrases and Special Terms Apportionment 分摊 （cost apportionment 成本分摊） Charging a proportion of a cost to a cost centre or cost unit because the cost centers or cost units are not directly incurring those costs although they share in incurring them. New words, Phrases and Special Terms A basis of apportionment is always required. For example, local authority business rates for premises are seldom incurred by individual cost centers, therefore floor area is often used as a basis of apportionment to share these costs between appropriate cost centers. New words, Phrases and Special Terms Outlay cost 支出成本 The expenditure incurred as the initial cost of a project or activity. The outlay cost may include both capital expenditure and expenditure an working capital, such as stocks of raw material. New words, Phrases and Special Terms Deferred credit 递延贷项 （deferred liability） Income received or recorded before it is earned, under the accruals concept. The income will not be included in the profit and loss account of the period but will be carried forward on the balance sheet until it is matched with the period in which it is earned. New words, Phrases and Special Terms A common example of a deferred credit is a government grant. The grant is shown as a separate item or under creditors in the balance sheet, and an a