系统解剖学 四肢骨.Bones of Limbs推荐.ppt

Bones of upper limb 上肢骨 Should girdle 上肢带骨 Clavicle 锁骨 Scapula 肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨 Arm: humerus 肱骨 Forearm Radius 桡骨 Ulna 尺骨 Bones of hand Carpal bones （carpus）腕骨 Metacarpal bones 掌骨 Phalanges of fingers 指骨 ★锁 骨 clavicle Position：anterior and superior to the thorax Shape: “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward Sternal end 胸骨端 (medially) Acromial end 肩峰端 (laterally) Superior surface-smooth Inferior surface-rough superior view (right) * * ★肩 胛 骨 scapula Position：posterior and superior to the thorax Shapes: Two surfaces Anterior surface: subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝 Posterior surface: spine of scapula 肩胛冈 acromion 肩峰 supraspinous fossa 冈上窝 infraspinous fossa 冈下窝 Anterior view(right) Posterior view(right) * Three borders Superior border coracoid process 喙突 scapular notch 肩胛切迹 Medial (vertebral) border 脊柱缘 Lateral (axillary) border 腋缘 Three angles Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral: glenoid cavity 关节盂 supraglenoid tubercle 盂上结节 infraglenoid tubercle 盂下结节 * * ★肱 骨 humerus 上端Upper end: 肱骨头Head of humerus 解剖颈Anatomical neck 大结节Greater tubercle 小结节Lesser tubercle 大结节嵴Crest of greater tubercle 小结节嵴Crest of lesser tubercle 结节间沟Intertubercular groove 外科颈Surgical neck （骨折的好发部位） Anterior view Posterior view （right） * 体 shaft deltoid tuberosity三角肌粗隆 (on lateral surface) groove for radial nerve桡神经沟 (on posterior surface） Anterior view Posterior view （right） * 下端lower end 肱骨小头Capitulum of humerus 肱骨滑车Trochlea of humerus 外上髁Lateral epicondyle 内上髁Medial epicondyle 尺神经沟Sulcus for ulnar nerve （尺神经） 鹰咀窝Olecranon fossa (posteriorly) 冠突窝 Coranoid fossa 桡窝 Radial fossa Anterior view Posterior view （right） * ★尺 骨 ulna 上端 upper end Olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch 滑车切迹 radial notch 桡切迹 ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆 体shaft 下端lower end styloid process 尺骨茎突 head of ulna 尺骨头 Anterior view (left) * ★桡骨radius 上端upper end head of radius 桡骨头 neck of radius