单片机毕业设计 可见光摄像系统电控分系统设计精选.doc

单片机毕业设计 可见光摄像系统电控分系统设计 electric part of an optical camera system. The function of the project is to regulate the value of the focal distance and the multiple, and display the value of the focal distance without delay according to the orders from an advanced controller, and at the same time returns the value. It consists of a MCU module, a serial communication technology module, a motor control module, a distance limit module, an ADC module and a LCD display module. The main feature of this design is to employ a MCU to control two DC motors according to orders sent by an advanced controller based on serial communication technology. By doing this the focal distance and the multiple can be regulated if necessary. The ADC module sends the digital value of the focal distance to the MCU, and then the MCU sends the value to the LCD module and the advanced control module to display. The problem of the mechanical distance limit of the motor is also considered in this design and has been given an appropriate solution. The circuit diagram and the corresponding program are included in this design. Finally, to make sure that this design is applicable, a simulation is applied. Key words Optical camera system; MCU; Regulate focal distance; Regulate multiple; Serial communication 目录 摘要 I Abstract II 第一章 绪论 3 1.1 课题提出的背景和意义 3 1.2可见光摄像系统电控系统发展历程和研究现状 3 1.3课题主要内容 4 第二章 电控分系统方案设计 6 2.1总体方案设计 6 2.2 总体硬件设计 7 2.3 总体软件设计 7 2.4 总体软硬件仿真设计 7 第三章 电控分系统硬件设计 9 3.1 电源电路设计 9 3.2 光耦隔离电路设计 9 3.3 单片机的选择 11 3.4 单片机最小系统设计 12 3.4.1 单片机复位电路的设计 12 3.4.2 单片机晶振电路设计 13 3.5 电机控制部分设计 14 3.5.1 电机的选择 14 3.5.2 电机驱动电路 15 3.6 电机机械限位设计 16 3.7 液晶显示设计 17 3.7.1 液晶显示原理 17 3.7.2 HD44780液晶简介 17 3.7.3 液晶显示电路 19 3.8 电机控制部分设计 19 3.8.1 逐次逼近式AD转换原理 19 3.8.2 ADC0804芯片特性介绍 20 3.8.3 AD转换电路设计 20 3.9 上位机通信设计 21 3.9.1 RS-422A通信原理 21 3.9.2 490芯片特性简介 21 3.9.3 上位机通信电路设计 22 3.10 硬件总电路 22 第四章 电控分系统软件设计 23 4.1 主程序流程图 23 4.2 串行通信子程序设计 23 4.3 电机控制子程序设计 24 4.4 模数转换子程序设计 24 4.5 LCD显示子程序设计 25 4.6 子程序声明 26 结论 27