高考英语阅读理解专题之猜测词义-解析.docVIP

专项复习三 阅读理解之词义猜测 一、考试要求： 词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。同学们应通过本专题巩固并加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。 五年高考全国卷猜测词义题量统计 ? 类别 题数考点 200 20 25 20 25 20 25 20 20 冠词 1 1 2 1 1 1 二、词义猜测命题特点和趋势： 命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 1要求根据阅读材料所提供信息，结合生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、逆向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word “…” in the second (third…) paragraph refers to (means) ______. By saying “…” in the firs (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”. The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. ?三、应试策略 由于猜测题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有： （一）根据构词法判断词义 1合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化派生法：由一个词根加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。一般来说前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。【试一试】猜测下面合成词的词义： (1) underwear (2) he-goat (3) editor-in-chief (4) forget-me-not (5) well-designed (6) underdeveloped (7) end-of-term (8) mass-produced (9) serious-looking (10) time-saving 2. 转化法练习： (1) The road narrows gradually (2) To get there, they had to journey over a desert. (3) She clocked 23.5 seconds in the women’s 200-meter finals. (4) These products show a new high in China’s science and technology. (5) The dog nosed out a rat. 3. 派生法练习 (1) 根据前缀猜测词义 （05江西卷E篇）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?His anti-slavery policy had set millions of black free and his strength and wisdom had guided the nation through the war to peace and reunion. “reunion” here means_________. A. coming back again B. becoming one again C. meeting someone again D. seeing someone again (2) 根据后缀猜测词义 （05 广东卷E篇）It’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay