边表孔闸前吸气旋涡试验研究.pdf

第36卷第6期 水 利 水 电科 技 进 展 2016年11月 Vol.36 No.6 Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources Nov. 2016 DOI:10.3880/ j.issn.1006 7647.2016.06.007 边表孔闸前吸气旋涡试验研究 马摇 飞,王摇 宇 (河海大学水利水电学院,江苏 南京摇 210098) 摘要:针对多泄洪表孔的边表孔闸前极易产生强烈的吸气旋涡的问题,试验观察了边表孔闸前水流 流态,分析了旋涡成因,并详细研究了工作水头、闸门开度、绕流距离及相邻表孔运行方式对吸气旋 涡的影响以及吸气旋涡对表孔侧墙压力的影响。 结果表明:该吸气旋涡主要是由边墩绕流效应引 起,是发生在边表孔的特殊水流现象;旋涡涡心直径随工作水头和绕流距离的增大而增大,随闸门 开度的增大而减小;相邻表孔全开与局部开启相比,边表孔闸前漩涡更大;吸气旋涡导致表孔下游 侧墙出现负压,可能造成侧墙空蚀破坏,在实际工程中应注意对此类旋涡进行控制。 关键词:吸气旋涡;泄洪表孔;工作闸门;边墩绕流;试验研究 + 中图分类号:TV131.3 2摇 摇 摇 文献标志码:A摇 摇 摇 文章编号:1006 7647(2016)06 0035 04 Experimental study of vortex with air core in front of side crest outlet gate/ / MA Fei,WANG Yu(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China) Abstract:Largefree鄄surface vortexwith air鄄coreeasily occursinfront of gateatthe sidecrest outlets. A seriesof physical model testswere conducted to observe the flow patterns,analyze the cause of vortex formation,study the influences of operating head,gate opening,distance from side pier to the reservoir bank and the operation conditions of crest outlet adjacent to side crest outlet on vortex,and discuss the effect of vortex on pressure of crest outlet surface. The results demonstrate that,the large vortex with air鄄core is mainly generated by flow around side pier,which is a special hydraulic phenomenon occurring at the sidecrestoutlets. Theair鄄corediameterofvortex decreaseswiththeincreaseof gateopening, and increaseswith increasing operating head and distance from side pier to the reservoir bank;moreover,the vortex is larger when the gate of crest outlet adjacent to side crest outlet i