榆林地区煤炭资源开发生态补偿机制及对策研究-公共管理专业论文.docx

摘要榆林地区作为国家煤炭资源的高度富集区和国家级能源重化工基地，在其煤 炭资源的开发过程中，面临着开发与生态保护之间的突出矛盾。对榆林地区煤炭 资源开发生态补偿机制进行研究，旨在通过理论分析，为该地区煤炭资源开发的 生态补偿提供政策依据，为解决煤炭资源开发与生态保护的矛盾寻求可行的途 径，确保榆林地区经济与生态安全。本文通过借鉴国内外生态补偿的实践经验，针对榆林地区煤炭资源开发中存 在的突出问题，运用公共管理学、经济学相关理论和系统论、博弈论、比较分析、 实证分析、政策分析相结合的方法，在对榆林地区煤炭资源开发导致的生态环境 问题进系统分析的基础上，提出了生态补偿的协同合作机制、制衡约束机制、激 励机制和共享机制四个机制，中央政府激励引导下地方政府、企业、农户合作治 理模式，企业出资、地方政府组织复垦模式，企业、农户自愿协商自治补偿模式， “新矿、旧矿分治模式，企业自行组织恢复治理模式，政府监管下的生态权益 市场交易模式六个模式以及生态补偿机制的目标、运行原则，为榆林煤炭资源开 发的生态补偿提供了可行的理论依据和现实的操作途径。关键词：榆林地区煤炭开发生态补偿机制模式IIAbstractYulin，as a high level of national coal resource-rich region and national energy and heavy chemical industry base，by the exploitation process of coal resources，Yulin is facing the contradictions between the development of economy and ecologicalprotection．The mechanism research of coal resources exploitation and ecologicalcompensation provides a policy basis for Yulin，and it is also searching for a feasible solution for the contradiction of economic development and ecological safety．Through domestic and international ecological compensation experiences，focus on the key problems of the coal resources exploitation in Yulin，use of the public management，economics theories and systematology,governing dynamics， comparative analysis，empirical analysis，combining with policy analysis，by the scientific analyzing in ecological issues during the exploitation of coal resources in Yulin，we propose the four mechanisms，i．e ecological compensation mechanism，balancing restricting mechanism，incentive mechanism and cooperation mechanismsfor the ecological compensation．We suggest the six models，goals and standards as a feasible route for the exploitation of coal resources and ecological compensation in Yulin，i．e the central government guides the local govemments，enterprises，farmers cooperative governance model，enterprises investing and local governments guidingthe reclamation model，enterprises and farmers voluntary consultation compensation model，”new mines and old mines”separated management model