余热锅炉受热面失效分析与检测-动力工程专业论文.docx

余热锅炉受热面失效分析与检测摘要余热锅炉作为一种节能设备，是回收各类余热资源、提高一次能源利用率的重要手 段。余热锅炉的安全运行直接关系到企业的经济效益和社会效益。管材和焊接质量，锅 炉积灰腐蚀、炉水质量、水循环情况和锅炉负荷波动，这些都是影响余热锅炉安全性的 重要因素。一般来说，余热锅炉的受热面腐蚀现象十分严重，工艺气含灰量和含硫量较 多，当含尘烟气流经锅炉过热器、省煤器、空气预热器等对流受热面时，日积月累会造 成受热面积灰腐蚀等一系列问题，使得对流受热面传热条件变差，管面腐蚀加剧，使用 寿命降低，从而造成锅炉管子爆漏。因此，余热锅炉受热面的失效机理分析和检测方法 研究对当前锅炉受热面的维修和管理有一定的指导意义，对锅炉合理的操作和运行有一 定的帮助。本文首先对受热面失效原因进行分析，明确受热面失效的形成过程、影响因素、表 现形式和防止措施。根据锅炉失效的影响因素和规律，本文制定出了一套完整的锅炉事 故检测策略，采用了金相检验、扫描电镜分析、X．Ray衍射分析等检测方法，来判定余 热锅炉失效的真正原因。本文在最后将这套锅炉事故检测策略应用在两个工程实例上，并找出了两台余热锅 炉各自爆管的原因，为使用余热锅炉的企业保养、维修和改造锅炉提供了依据。关键词：余热锅炉；受热面；失效；检测策略大连理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文Study Oil Failure Analysis of In Boiler Tubes and Detection Method—AbstractAs a energy—saving equipment，a Waste heat boiler is a one of the most important methods of recovering waste heat and raising primary energy usage．Normal operation of boiler is a direct factor of economic performance and social benefit．welding quality，corrosion，water cycle，and load fluctuation ale important factors of influencing boiler security．Generally，the corrosion in heating surface is severe，because there are much ash and sulfur during waste fBnle which foul in heating surface and erode tubes．The heat transferring conditions becomes bad，which makes lire length shorten and damage the tubes．Studying on failure analysis of in boiler tubes and detection method will supplyThis paper makes an analysis on various aspects of heating surface failure，includingclarify establishment，influencing factor,manifestation and prevention method．According t0 failure rules，the paper present a tactic of boiler detection，adapting metaUographic examination，stereoscan photograph analysis and X-ray analysis，in order t0 find real reason of heating surface failure．Finally，the paper analyses two cases using detection methods，finding the reasons oftwo waste heat boilers successfully．’Key Words：Waste Heat Boiler；heating surface：Failure；Detection tactics·II·独创性说明作者郑重声明：本硕士学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工 作及取得研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外， 论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果，也不包含为获得大连理 工大学或者其