压电智能结构振动主动控制方法研究-测试计量技术及仪器专业论文.docx

中北大学学位论文压电智能结构振动主动控制方法研究 摘要随着电子、航天、机械等科学技术的飞速发展，智能结构也越来越得到了世界各国 的广泛关注。近年来，以压电材料为代表的各种新型功能材料广泛地应用于智能结构的 研究中，推动了智能结构的发展。本文以粘贴有压电驱动器／传感器的智能悬臂梁为对象， 建立了智能悬臂梁的动力学模型，并在这个模型的基础上，进行了振动主动控制律和驱 动器优化配置的研究。本文完成如下几个方面工作： 1．简要介绍了智能材料与结构的基本概念与应用，分析了压电振动主动控制技术的现状与发展； 2．根据压电材料相关理论，分析了粘贴有压电驱动器／传感器的智能悬臂梁在结构振动状态下的驱动和传感特性，建立了其动力学模型； 3．分析了目前智能结构领域中较为常用的几种振动主动控制律，并通过MATLAB仿真了这些控制律对本文模型的控制效果；提出了独立／耦合模态与LQR控制 相结合的控制方法，并针对这种方法对模型的控制效果进行了仿真；4．研究了压电驱动器的特性参数及布片方式对控制效果的影响；借助遗传算法对 驱动器在本文模型中的优化配置进行了研究，并利用仿真得出了优化结果。关键词智能结构，压电材料，振动主动控制，遗传算法中北大学学位论文Study on Active Vibration Control of Piezoelectric Intelligent StructureABSTRACTWith the development of electronic，spaceflight and mechanical engineering，intelligent strucnlre is researched by many countries in the world．In recent years，many new developed functional materials not only find their wide use in the area of intelligent structures，but also promote the research of intelligent gtmctLlres as well．A kinetic model describing one cantilever beam that is adhered with PZT actuator／sensor is established in this thesis．Base on this model，active vibration control laws and location of actuators iS researched．The main contributions of this thesis are listed as follows：1．The concepts and applications of intelligent materials and structures are introduced briefly．The present situation and development of piezoelectric active vibration control technology are analyzed．2．Base on piezoelectric theory,a cantilever beam being adhered wim actuator／sensor ismodeled．Driving and sensing characteristics of PZT are analyzed．3．Several active vibration control laws which are widely used in the field of intelligent structure are analyzed．The effects of the control laws are simulated、析th software-MATLAB．A novel method that is integrated with independent／coupled mode and LQR method is put forward in this thesis．4．The location style and actuator’S characteristics are researched by simulation results．Using genetic arithmetic，the location of actuators is o．ptimized based on the mod