结核预防环境和工程控制措施.pptVIP

通风监测 香烟（烟雾） 纤维 灯火 专用设备 （2）机械通风 是使用机械设备将空气送进或排出某一空间，达到气体交换的目的。 机械通风包括送风和排风两种方式，送风是将新鲜空气或经过滤的空气送入室内，与室内污染空气进行混合，达到降低污染粒子浓度的目的；排风是将室内的污染空气排放到室外，直接减少室内污染粒子的绝对数量，从而降低感染风险。 送风的方法可选用落地式或台式风扇（吊顶式风扇除外）或具有新风功能的空调。排风的方法可选用排风扇。中央空调具有送风和排风两种功能。 使用机械通风方式的换气次数计算公式如下： * The installation of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices in ventilated rooms has the potential to reduce transmission of infections by an airborne route. However, the performance of such devices is dependant on several factors including the location of the lamp, humidity and the ventilation airflow in the room. Upper-room UVGI devices avoid direct contact with the source of light (UV overexposure). This is important to avoid adverse effects such as UV-related keratoconjunctivitis and erythema. Courtesy of Fabio Scano. * Picture of an upper-room UVGI unit undergoing cleaning. Cleaning is very important to ensure the device works as planned. The blue light attracts bugs and dust, it needs to be cleaned regularly. If cleaned the efficacy improves. Courtesy of Paul Jensen. * The director of Ivanovo Dispensary (Russian Federation) performing UVGI measurements using UVGI meter… Public health specialist can conduct random UVGI measurements to determine the performances of the devices. However, routine measurements should be performed by specialized technicians (according to the standards provided by the producer and in line with existing regulations) and cost of maintainance properly budgeted. Courtesy of Paul Jensen. * The picture shows unshielded UV lamp in a laboratory… Courtesy of Paul Jensen. * The filters are very important.. The facilitator may want ro raise a discussion on topics like the importance of changing filters when necessary, and the problems that may arise on the field to ensure this kind of maintenance… Participants may want to consider a situation, where, e.g. a foreign company producing the devices installed in the Health Facility and in charge of their maintenance d