第十七章索赔.ppt

索 赔 一、违约责任 国际货物买卖合同是确定买卖双方权利义务的法律文件。任何一方当事人如不履行合同义务，或者履行合同义务不符合合同约定的，这就在法律上构成违约行为。 违约方应承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。不同性质的违约行为，其承担的责任是不同的。 根本违反合同 非根本违反合同 索 赔 “违反要件”（breach of condition） “违反担保”或“违反随附条件”（breach of warranty） “重大违约”（material breach） “轻微违约”（minor breach） ?  1、索赔依据包括：法律依据和事实依据 2、索赔期限：是指受损害一方有权向违约方提出索赔的期限 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定，自买方实际收到货物起两年内。我国法律也规定，自买方收到标的物之日起两年内。 3、索赔金额 买卖合同规定有约定的损害赔偿的金额或损害赔偿额的计算方法，按合同规定办。 如果合同未作具体规定，确定损害赔偿金额的基本原则为： （1）赔偿金额应与因违约而遭受的包括利润在内的损失额相等； （2）赔偿金额应以违约方在订立合同时可预料到的合理损失为限； （3）由于受损害一方未采取合理措施使有可能减轻而未减轻的损失，应在赔偿金额中扣除。 ?买卖合同中的索赔条款 1、异议与索赔条款（discrepancy and claim clause）：一般是针对卖方交货质量、数量或包装不符合同规定而订立的，主要包括索赔依据、索赔期限和索赔的处理方法。例： Any claim by the Buyer regarding the goods shipped should be filed within... days after the arrival of the goods at the port/place of destination specified in the relative Bill of Landing and/or transport document and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Seller. Claims in respect of matters within responsibility of matters within responsibility of insurance company, shipping company/other transportation organization will not be considered or entertained by the Seller. 2 、罚金条款（penalty clause），也称违约金条款（liquidated damage clause），多使用于卖方延期交货或买方延期接货或延期付款的场合，它的特点是预先在合同中规定罚金的数额或罚金的百分率。 买卖合同中的索赔条款 卖方延期交货的罚金条款 In case of delayed delivery, the Sellers shall pay to the Buyers for every week of delay a penalty amounting to 0.5% of the total value of the goods whose delivery has been delayed. Any fractional part of a week is to be considered a full week. The total amount of penalty shall not, however,exceed 5% of the total value of the goods involved in late delivery and is to be deducted from the amount due to the Sellers by the paying bank at the time of negotiation, or by the Buyers direct at the time of payment. In case the period of delay exceeds 10 weeks after the stipulated delivery date the Buyers have the right to te