2[一].法律翻译的基础知识(一)ss.pptVIP

法律翻译的基础知识（一） 刑法与刑诉法 1. Introduction 本讲从常用法律专业词汇及其基本概念入手，介绍法律运作的基本原理和程序，旨在为准备从事法律翻译的人士提供必备的法律基础知识。 在英文中，有许多法律词汇在形态上虽与普通词汇无异，但却是典型的法律词汇。对这类词，我们将重点予以介绍。另一类法律词汇，如罪行与刑罚的名称和概念，虽然意义单纯或单一，但却是从事法律翻译人员必须知晓的，故我们在此按类罗列，择要介绍；倘若在实施普通法地区其用法或概念与中国法律英译有较大差异的，则予以辨析、比较。 2. Criminal Law and Related Concepts 犯罪构成四要素： Actus Reus Mens Rea Concurrence Causation 因果关系 刑罚的目的 Retribution Deterrence Rehabilitation Incapacitation crime 与offence 是同义词，但还有一定差别。  Common Law: Three degrees of crime: treason—叛国罪; felony—重刑罪/重罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; Another type of classification: misfeasance—失当行为; delinquency—失职行为; violation—犯规/违反行为; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; felony—重刑罪 extortion racketeering bribery buggery sodomy defamation libel slandering defalcation embezzlement encroachment indecent exposure gross indecency false accounting fraud gambling indecent exposure gross indecency hooliganism incest loitering money laundry perjury Personation Procurement sex-harassment theft trespassing… Distinction： 1) libel, slandering, defamation。 2) affray, nuisance 3) defalcation, embezzlement, encroachment 4) blackmail, extortion, racketeering Felony includes arson conspiracy genocide hijacking infanticide manslaughter mutiny murder drug / narcotic(s) trafficking raping gang-raping轮奸罪 riot robbery sex assault smuggling torture treason…… 在西方，杀人罪名称五花八门: Murder Manslaughter Homicide Genocide infanticide Homicide Cf: Suicide -cide: pesticide Dangerous drugs include: Marihuana, morphine, cocaine, amphetamine（fling）; opium; heroin Cannabis; ecstacy; ketamine; Acid; LSD; acid trip Distinction: drug trafficking drug smuggling abortion adultery/fornication; sex assault, raping e.g. Bryant has said he committed adultery by having consensual sex with his accuser in his hotel room at the Lodge and Spa a Cordillera in Edwards, Colo. He faces four years to life imprisonment if convicted.（《洛杉矶时报》，2003：A18） Theft Theft / Larceny stealing pick-pocketing shoplifting burglary Distinction: abettor