公共财政学第五章.ppt

A Cautionary Note Requests for subsidies Resource extracted from taxpayers Market does not always fail Policy Perspective: Owner-Occupied Housing业主自用住房 * * * * Axes and labels 1st click – MB 2nd click – MPC, Q1 3rd click – MD 4t click – MSC, Q* * * Axes and labels 1st click – MB 2nd click – MPC, Q1 3rd click – MD 4t click – MSC, Q* * * * Axes and labels 1st click – MP shifts up to MPC + cd 2nd click – Pigouvian tax revenues box * Axes and labels 1st click – MP shifts up to MPC + cd 2nd click – dashed lines fi, hj, and hf 3rd click = Pigouvian subsidy * Axes and labels 1st click – MSB 2nd click – MC 3rd click – dashed line and e* 4th click – f* and brown horizontal line * axes and labels for both graphs 1st click – MCB and dashed vertical lines, MCH and dashed vertical black line 2nd click – horizontal dashed brown line and vertical dashed brown line 3rd click – dashed brown line and Bart’s dashed black line at 50 disappear 4th click – line at f = $50 wipes right 5th click – Bart’s tax payment 6th click – Homer’s tax payment * axes and labels for both graphs 1st click – MCB and dashed vertical lines, MCH and dashed vertical black line; horizontal dashed brown line and vertical dashed brown line 2nd click – 3rd click – dashed brown line and Bart’s dashed black line at 50 disappear 4th click – line at f = $50 wipes right 5th click – Bart’s tax payment 6th click – Homer’s tax payment * * Axes and labels 1st click – MSB 2nd click – MC* 3rd click – MC’ 4th click – f* * Axes and labels 1st click – MSB 2nd click – MC* 3rd click – MC’ 4th click – f* * * * * * * Axes and labels 1st click – MPB 2nd click – MC and R* 3rd click – MEB 4th click MSB and R1 * 5-* McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright ? 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 5 Externalities 外部性 引言 引言 造纸厂：二恶英 环境中有二恶英 效率？ 郊区居民进城 城市有房者 城市租户 城市商人 郊区商人 引言 金钱性外部性 （货币性外部性） pecuniary externality 技术上的外部性 引言 清洁发展机制，简称CDM(Clean Development Mechanism)，是《京都议定书》中引入的灵