第5讲 词性转换.ppt

词类转换 词类转换的常见类型 一、静态转换为动态 1.1 英语名词?汉语动词 6.1 1.2 英语介词?汉语动词 1.3 英语形容词?汉语动词 6.2 1.4 英语副词?汉语动词 二、名词与形容词互转 2.1 英语名词?汉语形容词 2.2 英语形容词?汉语名词 6.3 三、形容词与副词互转 3.1 英语形容词?汉语副词 3.2 英语副词?汉语形容词 1.1 英语名词?汉语动词 1.1.1 动词的同源抽象名词 improvement, receipt, arrival, innovation… 1.1.2 动词加-er, -or等结尾的名词 smoker, lover, singer, eater, … 1.1.3 一些万能动词短语中的名词 have a look at, make no mention to, take a glance at, … 1.1.4 其他 at the sight of, at the idea of … Examples 1. More importantly, he was a 20-dollar tipper. 更重要的是，他总是给20美元的小费。 2. This restaurant is a real money-maker. 这个饭店真挣钱。 3. He brightened up at the mention of Transformer. 一提到《变形金刚》，他顿时高兴起来。 4. He has a huge appetite for food, drink and women. 他生性贪吃贪杯又贪色。 5. Please don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a full stop. 在车没有完全停稳之前，请不要上下车。 1.2 英语介词?汉语动词 1.2.1 除表示时间、地点外，大部分介词都具有动作含义 against, behind, through, with, by, of, for 1.2.2 具有比较含义的介词 above, below, beneath, next to 1.2.3 be+介词的固定词组 be on duty, be on guard against, be at a loss, be on business, be in trouble Examples 1. Since we are through with the customs formalities, we feel rather released. 我们办完了海关手续，感觉如释重负。 2. What are they after, fame or position? 他们在追求什么，名誉还是地位？ 3. The novel is beyond my understanding. 这篇小说我理解不了。 4. Mike is rather above the rest of the class in chemistry. 麦克的化学比班上其他同学好得多。 5. It’s beneath my dignity to do such a thing. 做这样的事有辱我的尊严。 6. He remained silent with his head down, hands in his pockets. 他低着头，双手插兜，一言不发。 7. For months, I have kept on my desk a picture from a newspaper. 几个月以来，我的桌上一直放着一张从报纸上剪下来的照片。 8. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部们吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰凉的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作着。 1.3 英语形容词?汉语动词 Steven was eloquent and elegant – but soft. 史蒂芬口才雄辩，风度翩翩，但为人软弱。 2. They were suspicious and resentful of him. 他们怀疑他，憎恨他。 3. She is calculating. 她爱打小算盘。 4. The three girls are inseparable. 这三个女孩形影不离。 5. Water is incompatible with fire. 水火不相容。 1.4 英语副词?汉语动词 1.4.1 表示方位、状态的副词小品词, 是一类比较特殊的词.它既有副词的某些特征,又具有介词的词形. Hopefully, the war will