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词汇学 Chapter 5 Word Meaning.ppt

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* English Lexicology * He exercises authority diligently; He’s closemouthed; He climbed the ladder of success; she’s power mad. she’s secretive. she slept her way to the top. * English Lexicology * 3) Social or stylistic meaning: FIELD is concerned with the purpose and subject matter of the communication; MODE refers to the means by which communication takes place - notably by speech or writing; TENOR depends on the relations between participants. Why and about what How To whom 5 different levels of formality * English Lexicology * Frozen/oratorical Formal/deliberate consultative casual intimate Formal, literary, poetic, archaic in dictionary Colloquial or informal in Dic * English Lexicology * Social meaning Formal, technical formal non-technical informal, technical informal, non-technical We obtained some sodium chloride. We obtained some salt. We got some sodium chloride. We got some salt. * English Lexicology * Tone and Style “ Your eyes, dearest, reflect a thousand sparking candles of heaven.” Them eyes of yours ---- in this light ---- they sure do turn me on.” * English Lexicology * 4) Affective meaning Definition: Affective meaning is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer. * English Lexicology * Examples: 学潮 动乱 暴乱 风波 事件 student campaign, unrest, riot, disturbance, incident * English Lexicology * Componential analysis and semantic features The analysis of word meanings by breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components which is known as semantic features or sense components. Man = +living +animal +human +male +adult (See text book) * English Lexicology * Disadvantages of Componential analysis Eat N1 + eats + N2 N1 = + animate +/- human N2 = +/-animate + concrete + solid Monkeys eat fruits and small animals. Man eat vegetables and animal meat. We eat bread for breakfast.

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