3_科学研究的实验设计.pptx

Scientific Methodology and Scientific Paper WritingThe Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu3. 科学研究的实验设计 好的开头就等于成功了一半。—— Chinese old sayingA hypothesis driven approach of scientific research: Proof(design conduct Experiment)Scientific questionAnalysis-Conclusion-Finding -TheoryHypothesis实验设计的基本要求实验设计应根据科学假设的要求来确定是否能充分验证科学假设The purpose of an experiment（实验的目的） To understand WHAT HOW?Test hypotheses developed from scientific questions using a proper methodologyExplore the unknown world in a science-based wayProve theories proposed previouslyFactors to consider when design an experiment:What are scientific questions hypothesis tested ?What are experimental conditions: sites, climate, distance, labs ?What are experimental materials ?Experimental layout designLab facilitiesData collection analysisDesign a research experimentBefore start an experiment or research, write down a work-plan (project proposal)A well-planned research contains:Title of the experimentRational Objectives (references)Main research contents activities (Core)Technical details (Core)Time frame (deadlines) Expected outputsBudget1) Propose a TITLE of the experimentCompare the title with that in a published paperThree important components in a title:The expected findingsMaterials to be includedMethods to be usedComponents in a titleDifferentiation of Chinese traditional rice revealed by RAPD markersDifferentiation of Chinese traditional rice revealed by RAPD markers2) RATIONAL OBJECTIVESWhat is the scientific problem (its global status) What is the significance to address such a problem What have been solved what are the remaining (knowledge gaps)What is hypothesis for the problem What are objectives of the projectWhat will be done (research contents)Samples: (Objectives)3) Research CONTENTS ACTIVITIES What will be studied in the experiment (or research)Relating research contents to objectives (应根据科学假设的要求)Will the study answer the scientific questions ?Can