环境学试卷答案.doc

环境学试题（开卷） 任课院系：资源与环境学院 环境科学系 任课教师：张颖 出题人： 张颖 课程名称：环境学 开课专业班级：环工02 考生人数：58 英语生作答答案 Part A: Words explanation（40’） Environment :In a broad sense, the “environment” is everything that affects an organism during its lifetime. Ecosystem: Region in which the organisms and the physical environment form an interacting unit. Conservation Ethic: Extends rational consideration to entire earth, and for all time Ethics and Morals: Ethics- Seeks to define fundamental rights and wrongs. - (Philosophical). Morals - Reflective of the predominate feelings of a culture about ethics. Environmental risk assessment: uses facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment that may result from exposure to pollutants, toxins, or management decisions. Kinetic Molecular Theory : All matter is made up of one or more kinds of smaller sub-units (atoms) that are in constant motion. Catalysts : A substance that alters the rate of reaction, without altering the catalyst itself. Respiration: Using oxygen to break down large, organic molecules into smaller inorganic molecules (releases energy). Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with each other and with their non-living surroundings. Habitat: Space an organism inhabits - defined by biological requirements of each particular organism. Niche :Functional role an organism plays in its surroundings. Community :Interacting groups of different species, each having a specific niche, or role. Food Chain : Passage of energy from one trophic level to the next due to one organism consuming another. Decomposers: Digest organic molecules in detritus into simpler organic compounds, and absorb soluble nutrients. (Bacteria and fungi) Succession: A series of regular, predictable changes in the structure of a community over time Phytoplankton: microscopic plants floating in the ocean. (perform photosynthesis) Population: Group of individuals inhabiting the same area simultaneously.