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世界大地构造学2_.ppt

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* This map illustrates the? break-up of the supercontinent, Rodinia, which formed 1100 million years ago.?? The Late Precambrian was? an Ice House World, much like the present-day. Animals with hard-shells appeared in great numbers for the first time during the Cambrian.? The continents were flooded by shallow seas.? The supercontinent of Gondwana had just formed and was located near the South Pole. During the Ordovician ancient oceans separated the barren continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia and Gondwana.? The end of the Ordovician was one of the coldest times in Earth history.? Ice covered much of the southern region of Gondwana. Laurentia collides with Baltica closing the northen branch of the Iapetus Ocean and forming the Old Red Sandstone continent.? Coral reefs expand and land plants begin to colonize the barren continents. By the Devonian the early Paleozoic oceans were closing, forming a pre-Pangea.? Freshwater fish were able to migrate from the southern hemisphere continents to North America and Europe.? Forests grew for the first time in the equatorial regions of Artic Canada. During the Early Carboniferous the Paleozoic oceans between Euramerica and Gondwana began to close, forming the Appalachian and Variscan mountains.?? An ice cap grew at the South Pole as four-legged vertebrates evolved in the coal swamps near the Equator. During the Early Carboniferous Pangea Begins to Form. By the Late Carboniferous the continents that make up modern North America and Europe had collided with the southern continents of Gondwana to form? the western half of Pangea.? Ice covered much of the southern hemisphere and vast coal swamps formed along the equator. Vast? deserts covered western Pangea during the Permian as reptiles spread across the face of the supercontinent.? 99% of all life perished during the extinction event that marked the end of the Paleozoic Era. The supercontinent of Pangea, mostly assembled by the Triassic, allowed land animals to migrate from

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