- 1、本文档共34页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
英语语言学常见名词解释 Linguistics 自考语言学,考研专业课必备精选
英语语言学常见名词解释
1. What is language?
“Language is system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a system, since linguistic elements are arranged systematically, rather than randomly. Arbitrary, in the sense that there is usually no intrinsic connection between a work (like ―book‖) and the object it refers to. This explains and is explained by the fact that different languages have different ―books‖: ―book‖ in English, ―livre‖ in French, ―shu‖ in Chinese. It is symbolic, because words are associated with objects, actions, ideas etc. by nothing but convention. Namely, people use the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize what they wish to refer to. It is vocal, because sound or speech is the primary medium for all human languages. Writing systems came much later than the spoken forms. The fact that small children learn and can only learn to speak (and listen) before they write (and read) also indicates that language is primarily vocal, rather than written. The term ―human‖ in the definition is meant to specify that language is human specific.
2. What are design features of language?
“Design features‖ here refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. They are arbitrariness, duality, productivity, displacement, cultural transmission and interchangeability
3. What is arbitrariness?
By ―arbitrariness‖, we mean there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. Language is therefore largely arbitrary. But language is not absolutely seem to be some sound-meaning association, if we think of echo words, like ―bang‖, ―crash‖, ―roar‖, which are motivated in a certain sense. Secondly, some compounds (words compounded to be one word) are not entirely arbitrary either. ―Type‖ and ―write‖ are opaque or unmotivated words, while ―type-writer‖ is less so, or more transpar
您可能关注的文档
- 苏教版一年级数学下册期末复习知识点精选.doc
- 苏州中旅花园二期弱电智能化工程技术方案精选.doc
- 苏教版三年级语文上册生字组词精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级上学期语文2013年期末调查试卷精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级上册(第三册)语文一课一练精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级下册数学期末试卷精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级数学上册期末复习口算练习题精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级品德与生活上册教案及教学计划(全册)精选.doc
- 苏教版二年级语文下册之成语和古诗精选.doc
- 苏教版五年级上册数学教案精选.doc
- 2025年广西中考地理二轮复习:专题四+人地协调观+课件.pptx
- 2025年广西中考地理二轮复习:专题三+综合思维+课件.pptx
- 2025年中考地理一轮教材梳理:第4讲+天气与气候.pptx
- 第5讲+世界的居民课件+2025年中考地理一轮教材梳理(商务星球版).pptx
- 冀教版一年级上册数学精品教学课件 第1单元 熟悉的数与加减法 1.1.6 认识1-9 第6课时 合与分.ppt
- 2025年中考一轮道德与法治复习课件:坚持宪法至上.pptx
- 2025年河北省中考一轮道德与法治复习课件:崇尚法治精神.pptx
- 八年级下册第二单元+理解权利义务+课件-2025年吉林省中考道德与法治一轮复习.pptx
- 精品解析:湖南省娄底市2019-2020学年八年级(上)期中考试物理试题(原卷版).doc
- 2025年中考地理一轮教材梳理:第10讲+中国的疆域与人口.pptx
最近下载
- 工会内控制度.docx VIP
- 门店布局与商品陈列(第二版)全套PPT课件.pptx
- 4.2依法履行义务(教学课件)-2024-2025学年八年级道德与法治下册同步PPT课件+教学设计.pptx VIP
- 扳机点(激痛点)疗法(理论及实操演示附全身激痛点分布图).pptx
- 《金瓶梅》完整版本.ppt VIP
- 初中学业水平考试复习策略.ppt VIP
- EZVIZ 萤石 智能锁Y3000FV用户手册说明书.pdf
- 了解书的结构.完整版PPT文档课件.pptx VIP
- EXCITE-Piston Ring 基础教程介绍.pdf VIP
- 统编人教部编版语文三年级下册第八单元教材解读及教学目标教学建议教研备课校本培训.pptx
文档评论(0)