文化课课后练习.doc

east and west, different values. Individualism The individual identifies primarily with self, with the needs of the individual being satisfied before those of the group. Looking after and taking care of oneself, being self-sufficient, guarantees the well being of the group. Independence and self-reliance are greatly stressed and valued. In general, people tend to distance themselves psychologically and emotionally from each other. One may choose to join groups, but group membership is not essential to one抯 identity or success. Individualist characteristics are often associated with men and people in urban settings. Collectivism One抯 identity is in large part a function of one抯 membership and role in a group, e.g., the family or work team. The survival and success of the group ensures the well-being of the individual, so that by considering the needs and feelings of others, one protects oneself. Harmony and the interdependence of group members are stressed and valued. Group members are relatively close psychologically and emotionally, but distant toward nongroup members. Collectivists’ characteristics are often associated with women and people in rural settings. Unit1 B Key concepts the pioneering spirit 创业精神trying something new 探索精神 equality 平等national optimism 民族乐观 freedom自由the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家social mobility社会流动性American dream 美国梦Comprehension questions 1. Can?you?summarize?the?character?of?Americans? The characters?of?Americans are the?pioneering spirit, trying something new and being eager to equality and freedom. The American is competitive, self-reliant,hard-working/diligent, confident,friendly, spontaneous, adaptable, efficient, energetic, and kindhearted. 2.In?what?sense?is?the?pioneering?spirit?still?an?important?part?of?the?American?character? 1). Except for the slaves, immigrants came to America voluntarily in search of greater prosperity and freedom. (para3) 2). In the mid-nineteenth century, the pioneering spi