扎龙国家级保护区丹顶鹤种群数量的时空动态.doc

扎龙国家级湿地保护区丹顶鹤繁殖种群时空格局及其影响因素研究 王志强 王海江 郝成元 陈志超 （河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院，河南焦作，454000） 摘要 掌握种群的时空格局是有效保护物种及其生境的前提。采集扎龙保护区自1981年以来丹顶鹤种群的数量统计数据和巢址GPS定位数据，分析了丹顶鹤种群数量的时间动态；采用最邻近距离方法和最邻近距离比率方法分析了丹顶鹤种群空间分布格局的变化及机制；结合实地调查数据，深入分析了种群时空动态的主要影响因素。结果表明：从1981-2005年，丹顶鹤种群数量经历了剧烈的变化，到2005年，其种群已接近了最小种群数量，危及丹顶鹤本地种群的延续；从1996-2005年间，丹顶鹤种群在核心区的空间分布型经历了由均匀分布→聚集分布的过程，反映生境由均匀→斑块化的过程，以及适宜生境的数量由丰富→急剧减少的过程，生境的剧烈变化是导致丹顶鹤种群数量迅速减少的主要原因，而主要的影响因素是野火导致的适栖生境的减少和人为因素导致的生境破碎化。为丹顶鹤种群的保护和管理提供科学依据。 关键词：GIS, RS, GPS; 种群动态；空间格局；扎龙国家级湿地保护区 中图分类号:Q145 ,Q16 文献标志码：A The spatial-temperal patterns of the red-crown crane population in Zhalong NNR and the related driving forces Wang Zhi-qiang, Wang Hai-jiang,Hao Chengyuan, Chen Zhichao (Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000) Abstract: Understanding spatial-temporal patterns of species is a prerequisite for successful species and habitat conservation. The fluctuations of the red-crown crane population were studied after collecting the data about breeding red-crown cranes from Zhalong National Natural Reserve (NNR) since 1981; and their spatial distribution patterns were also quantified in variant time periods with a method called the ratio of Euclidean Nearest-Neighbour Distance to mean distance; the main factors leading to the dynamics of the bird population were analyzed. The results showed the red-crown crane population had fluctuated dramatically from 1981-2005. The number declined rapidly to the minimum of the bird population to endanger the existence of the population by the year of 2005. And the spatial distribution pattern changed from uniform distribution to aggregated distribution during 1996-2005. These changes reflected that the distributions of habitats had undergone a process from evenness to patchiness, and the area of the suitable habitats suffered such a continuous loss that there were insufficient habitats to sustain the bird population any more. And consequently, the decline of the bird population occurred. The wildfire and the anthr