森林生态学 南京林业大学.ppt

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森林生态学 南京林业大学

Chapter 1 第一章 Ecology and Ecosystems 生态学与生态系统 Ruan, Honghua 阮 宏 华 南 京 林 业 大 学 2. Ecosystems 生态系统 The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments (abiotic and biotic). 1). Abiotic: non-living factors (temperature, light, water, and nutrients) 2) Biotic: living factors (other plants and animals) Forest Ecology: Is merely the application of general ecology to a specific type of objects (ecosystem): Forest. What is Ecology?- the points: Ecology is a branch of biological science concerned with the distribution, abundance, and productivity of living organisms, and their interactions with each other and with their physical environment. As a scientific discipline, it is a relative young and lacks the large body of generally accepted principle and theories that characterize older discipline such as physics and chemistry. Relationships between living organisms and their environment. 按研究对象的组织层次划分: 分子生态学(molecule ecology) 个体生态学(autoecology) 种群生态学(population ecology) 群落生态学(community ecology) 生态系统生态学(ecosystem ecology) 景观生态学(landscape ecology) 全球生态学(global ecology)等 按生物类群划分: 动物生态学(animal ecology) 植物生态学(plant ecology) 昆虫生态学(insectecology) 微生物生态学(microbial ecology) 人类生态学(human ecology) 按栖息地划分( 生态系统类型): ?淡水生态学(fresh-water ecology) 海洋生态学(marine ecology) 河口生态学(estuary ecology) 湿地生态学(wetland ecology) 热带生态学(tropical ecology) 陆地生态学(terrestial ecology) 森林生态学(forest ecology) 草地生态学(grassland ecology) 荒漠生态学(desertecology) 冻原生态学(tundra ecology)。 按交叉学科划分: ?数学生态学(mathematical ecology) 化学生态学(chemical ecology) 物理生态学(physical ecology) 地理生态学(geographic ecology) 生理生态学physiological ecology) 进化生态学(evolutionary ecology) 行为生态学(behavioral ecology) 遗传生态学(genetic ecology) 经济生态学(economic ecology)等 按应用领域划分: 农业生态学(agroecology) 城市生态学 (urban ecology) 污染生态学(pollution ecology) 渔业生态学(fishery ecology 放射生态学(radio ecology) 资源生态学(resource ecology)等 生态学是新兴的边缘学科,其综合性特别强,它甚至就是对整个人类文明的反思和整合,它从自然跋涉到社会,从物质寻觅到精神,从空间摆渡到时间,从微观流浪到宏观。它企图通过对人类文明发展的方式的反思,来构建新的世界观、

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