初高中语法定语从句讲解及练习.doc

定语从句 [教案] 一、定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。如： This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life. 引导从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose（一般指人），which（一般指物），that（指人或物） 引导从句的关系副词有：when（时间），where（地点），why（原因） 关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。 二、which (whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在其前，也可放在其原来的位置上，在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which ，whom之前。 The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. 三、that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语V.的宾语（不能放在介词后作介宾） (1) The man that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. (2) The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. 下列情况只能用that a. 序数词修饰先行词时。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of two cities by Charles Dickens. 我读过的第一本英语小说是查尔斯·迪更斯写的《双城记》。 b. 最高级adj.修饰先行词时。 Li lei is the cleverest student that I have ever known. 李雷是我所见过的最聪明的学生。 c. all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词作先行词时，要用that. ①Everything that we saw in the museum great interested us. 我们在博物馆里看到的每一件事情都使我们很感兴趣。 ②Miss Zhao has told us something that we should do in the summer holiday. 赵老师告诉了我们应该在暑假做的一些事情。 d.先行词被all, some, any, every, each, few, little, no等修饰。 All the books that I put on the desk are yours. e.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。 He is the only person that I want to talk to. f.先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered. g.当主句中已有who时，为避免重复，可用that代替who。 Who is the man that is talking to John? h.用做关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time, moment等，代替when。 例如：It happened on the day that I was born. 注：1. 关系代词who, which, that 在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。 四、When, where, why ① October 1st 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. (when 在定语从句中作时间状语)。 1949年的10月1日是中华人民共和国的诞生之日。 ② Everyone wants to visit the place where the star once worked. ( where 作地点状语) 每个人都想参观这个明星曾经工作过的地方。 ③I don’t know the reason why she didn’t agree to our study plan. 我不知道她不同意我们的研究计划的原因。 五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：是句中不可缺少的组成部分，没有从句，先行词意思不明确，主句也不完整，从句主句不用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句：主