语言学知识点整理7.pdf

第一单元What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. The scope of linguistics 语言学研究的范畴 Phonetics语音学\Phonology音系学\Morphology形态学\Syntax句法学\Semantics语义学\Pragmatics语用 学\Sociolinguistics社会语言学\Psycholinguistics心理语言学\Applied linguistics应用语言学 Phonetics语音学：the study of sounds used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of a branch of linguistics called phonetics Phonology音系学:as linguists became interested in how sounds put together and used to convey meaning in communication ,they developed another branch of study related to sounds called phonology. Morphology形态学:the study of the way in which these symbols are arranged form words has constituted the branch of study called morphology. Syntax句法学:the combination of these words to form permissible sentences in languages is governed by rules ,the study of these rules constitutes a major branch of linguistics studies Semantics语义学:the study of meaning was gradually developed and became known as semantics Pragmatics语用学:when the study of meaning is conducted,not in isolaion,but in the context of use,it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics Sociolinguistics社会语言学:the study of all these social aspects of language and its relation with society form the core of the branch called sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics心理语言学: Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology \Applied linguistics应用语言学:findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability.the study of such applications is generally known as applied linguistics Other related branchs include anthropological linguistics,neurological linguistics,mathematical linguistics,and computational linguistics. Some important distinctions in linguistics。人类学/神经语言学/数理语言学/计算