全新版大学英语2 New Words in u7.doc

New Words in Unit Seven 1.corrupt: vt. 1) cause errors to appear in ----The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language. ---Has Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words? 2) cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains ---To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power. ---To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government. 2. ban: 1). vt. forbid (sth.) officially Pattern: ban sth. ban sb. from sth./doing sth. ----The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year. ---Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again. CF: ban, forbid prohibit 这三个词都可用作及物动词，表示“禁止”。 ban 语气最重，指权威机关“正式禁止”。一般含有“严厉谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如：The treaty bans all nuclear tests. 该条约禁止一切核试验。 forbid 是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：He forbade his children sweets because he didn’t want their teeth to be ruined. 他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。 prohibit指“（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止某些事物”，应用范围较ban广。例如： In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited. 在一些国家, 出售含酒精的饮料是被禁止的。 2) n. a prohibition imposed by law or official decree (followed by on) ----The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising. ---The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries in the world. 3. invent: vt. 1) make or design (sth. that has not existed before); create (sth.) ---James Watt invented the steam engine. 2) give (a name, reason, etc. that doesn抰 exist or is not true) r ---All the characters in the novel are invented. CF: invent discover invent“发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西，如：工具、手段或方法，这不仅是认识问题，还是实践问题。例如：Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 亚历山大?格雷厄姆?贝尔发明了电话。 discover “发现”，发现的对象是本来就存在但不为人所知的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有时也可泛指“发现”、“认识到”某种情况。例如：The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930. 冥王星是在1930年被发现的。 4. strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc.